bitcoin/blockdata/script/

borrowed.rs

// SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0

use core::fmt;
use core::ops::{
    Bound, Index, Range, RangeFrom, RangeFull, RangeInclusive, RangeTo, RangeToInclusive,
};

use hashes::Hash;
use secp256k1::{Secp256k1, Verification};

use super::PushBytes;
use crate::blockdata::fee_rate::FeeRate;
use crate::blockdata::opcodes::all::*;
use crate::blockdata::opcodes::{self, Opcode};
use crate::blockdata::script::witness_version::WitnessVersion;
use crate::blockdata::script::{
    bytes_to_asm_fmt, Builder, Instruction, InstructionIndices, Instructions, ScriptBuf,
    ScriptHash, WScriptHash,
};
use crate::consensus::Encodable;
use crate::key::{PublicKey, UntweakedPublicKey, WPubkeyHash};
use crate::policy::DUST_RELAY_TX_FEE;
use crate::prelude::*;
use crate::taproot::{LeafVersion, TapLeafHash, TapNodeHash};

/// Bitcoin script slice.
///
/// *[See also the `bitcoin::blockdata::script` module](crate::blockdata::script).*
///
/// `Script` is a script slice, the most primitive script type. It's usually seen in its borrowed
/// form `&Script`. It is always encoded as a series of bytes representing the opcodes and data
/// pushes.
///
/// ## Validity
///
/// `Script` does not have any validity invariants - it's essentially just a marked slice of
/// bytes. This is similar to [`Path`](std::path::Path) vs [`OsStr`](std::ffi::OsStr) where they
/// are trivially cast-able to each-other and `Path` doesn't guarantee being a usable FS path but
/// having a newtype still has value because of added methods, readability and basic type checking.
///
/// Although at least data pushes could be checked not to overflow the script, bad scripts are
/// allowed to be in a transaction (outputs just become unspendable) and there even are such
/// transactions in the chain. Thus we must allow such scripts to be placed in the transaction.
///
/// ## Slicing safety
///
/// Slicing is similar to how `str` works: some ranges may be incorrect and indexing by
/// `usize` is not supported. However, as opposed to `std`, we have no way of checking
/// correctness without causing linear complexity so there are **no panics on invalid
/// ranges!** If you supply an invalid range, you'll get a garbled script.
///
/// The range is considered valid if it's at a boundary of instruction. Care must be taken
/// especially with push operations because you could get a reference to arbitrary
/// attacker-supplied bytes that look like a valid script.
///
/// It is recommended to use `.instructions()` method to get an iterator over script
/// instructions and work with that instead.
///
/// ## Memory safety
///
/// The type is `#[repr(transparent)]` for internal purposes only!
/// No consumer crate may rely on the representation of the struct!
///
/// ## References
///
///
/// ### Bitcoin Core References
///
/// * [CScript definition](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/d492dc1cdaabdc52b0766bf4cba4bd73178325d0/src/script/script.h#L410)
///
#[derive(PartialOrd, Ord, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct Script(pub(in crate::blockdata::script) [u8]);

impl ToOwned for Script {
    type Owned = ScriptBuf;

    fn to_owned(&self) -> Self::Owned { ScriptBuf(self.0.to_owned()) }
}

impl Script {
    /// Creates a new empty script.
    #[inline]
    pub fn new() -> &'static Script { Script::from_bytes(&[]) }

    /// Treat byte slice as `Script`
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> &Script {
        // SAFETY: copied from `std`
        // The pointer was just created from a reference which is still alive.
        // Casting slice pointer to a transparent struct wrapping that slice is sound (same
        // layout).
        unsafe { &*(bytes as *const [u8] as *const Script) }
    }

    /// Treat mutable byte slice as `Script`
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_bytes_mut(bytes: &mut [u8]) -> &mut Script {
        // SAFETY: copied from `std`
        // The pointer was just created from a reference which is still alive.
        // Casting slice pointer to a transparent struct wrapping that slice is sound (same
        // layout).
        // Function signature prevents callers from accessing `bytes` while the returned reference
        // is alive.
        unsafe { &mut *(bytes as *mut [u8] as *mut Script) }
    }

    /// Returns the script data as a byte slice.
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] { &self.0 }

    /// Returns the script data as a mutable byte slice.
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_mut_bytes(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] { &mut self.0 }

    /// Creates a new script builder
    pub fn builder() -> Builder { Builder::new() }

    /// Returns 160-bit hash of the script.
    #[inline]
    pub fn script_hash(&self) -> ScriptHash { ScriptHash::hash(self.as_bytes()) }

    /// Returns 256-bit hash of the script for P2WSH outputs.
    #[inline]
    pub fn wscript_hash(&self) -> WScriptHash { WScriptHash::hash(self.as_bytes()) }

    /// Computes leaf hash of tapscript.
    #[inline]
    pub fn tapscript_leaf_hash(&self) -> TapLeafHash {
        TapLeafHash::from_script(self, LeafVersion::TapScript)
    }

    /// Returns the length in bytes of the script.
    #[inline]
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.0.len() }

    /// Returns whether the script is the empty script.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_empty() }

    /// Returns a copy of the script data.
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> Vec<u8> { self.0.to_owned() }

    /// Returns an iterator over script bytes.
    #[inline]
    pub fn bytes(&self) -> Bytes<'_> { Bytes(self.as_bytes().iter().copied()) }

    /// Computes the P2WSH output corresponding to this witnessScript (aka the "witness redeem
    /// script").
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_p2wsh(&self) -> ScriptBuf { ScriptBuf::new_p2wsh(&self.wscript_hash()) }

    /// Computes P2TR output with a given internal key and a single script spending path equal to
    /// the current script, assuming that the script is a Tapscript.
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_p2tr<C: Verification>(
        &self,
        secp: &Secp256k1<C>,
        internal_key: UntweakedPublicKey,
    ) -> ScriptBuf {
        let leaf_hash = self.tapscript_leaf_hash();
        let merkle_root = TapNodeHash::from(leaf_hash);
        ScriptBuf::new_p2tr(secp, internal_key, Some(merkle_root))
    }

    /// Returns witness version of the script, if any, assuming the script is a `scriptPubkey`.
    ///
    /// # Returns
    ///
    /// The witness version if this script is found to conform to the SegWit rules:
    ///
    /// > A scriptPubKey (or redeemScript as defined in BIP16/P2SH) that consists of a 1-byte
    /// > push opcode (for 0 to 16) followed by a data push between 2 and 40 bytes gets a new
    /// > special meaning. The value of the first push is called the "version byte". The following
    /// > byte vector pushed is called the "witness program".
    #[inline]
    pub fn witness_version(&self) -> Option<WitnessVersion> {
        let script_len = self.0.len();
        if !(4..=42).contains(&script_len) {
            return None;
        }

        let ver_opcode = Opcode::from(self.0[0]); // Version 0 or PUSHNUM_1-PUSHNUM_16
        let push_opbyte = self.0[1]; // Second byte push opcode 2-40 bytes

        if push_opbyte < OP_PUSHBYTES_2.to_u8() || push_opbyte > OP_PUSHBYTES_40.to_u8() {
            return None;
        }
        // Check that the rest of the script has the correct size
        if script_len - 2 != push_opbyte as usize {
            return None;
        }

        WitnessVersion::try_from(ver_opcode).ok()
    }

    /// Checks whether a script pubkey is a P2SH output.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_p2sh(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.len() == 23
            && self.0[0] == OP_HASH160.to_u8()
            && self.0[1] == OP_PUSHBYTES_20.to_u8()
            && self.0[22] == OP_EQUAL.to_u8()
    }

    /// Checks whether a script pubkey is a P2PKH output.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_p2pkh(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.len() == 25
            && self.0[0] == OP_DUP.to_u8()
            && self.0[1] == OP_HASH160.to_u8()
            && self.0[2] == OP_PUSHBYTES_20.to_u8()
            && self.0[23] == OP_EQUALVERIFY.to_u8()
            && self.0[24] == OP_CHECKSIG.to_u8()
    }

    /// Checks whether a script is push only.
    ///
    /// Note: `OP_RESERVED` (`0x50`) and all the OP_PUSHNUM operations
    /// are considered push operations.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_push_only(&self) -> bool {
        for inst in self.instructions() {
            match inst {
                Err(_) => return false,
                Ok(Instruction::PushBytes(_)) => {}
                Ok(Instruction::Op(op)) if op.to_u8() <= 0x60 => {}
                // From Bitcoin Core
                // if (opcode > OP_PUSHNUM_16 (0x60)) return false
                Ok(Instruction::Op(_)) => return false,
            }
        }
        true
    }

    /// Checks whether a script pubkey is a P2PK output.
    ///
    /// You can obtain the public key, if its valid,
    /// by calling [`p2pk_public_key()`](Self::p2pk_public_key)
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_p2pk(&self) -> bool { self.p2pk_pubkey_bytes().is_some() }

    /// Returns the public key if this script is P2PK with a **valid** public key.
    ///
    /// This may return `None` even when [`is_p2pk()`](Self::is_p2pk) returns true.
    /// This happens when the public key is invalid (e.g. the point not being on the curve).
    /// In this situation the script is unspendable.
    #[inline]
    pub fn p2pk_public_key(&self) -> Option<PublicKey> {
        PublicKey::from_slice(self.p2pk_pubkey_bytes()?).ok()
    }

    /// Returns the bytes of the (possibly invalid) public key if this script is P2PK.
    #[inline]
    pub(in crate::blockdata::script) fn p2pk_pubkey_bytes(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
        match self.len() {
            67 if self.0[0] == OP_PUSHBYTES_65.to_u8() && self.0[66] == OP_CHECKSIG.to_u8() =>
                Some(&self.0[1..66]),
            35 if self.0[0] == OP_PUSHBYTES_33.to_u8() && self.0[34] == OP_CHECKSIG.to_u8() =>
                Some(&self.0[1..34]),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Checks whether a script pubkey is a bare multisig output.
    ///
    /// In a bare multisig pubkey script the keys are not hashed, the script
    /// is of the form:
    ///
    ///    `2 <pubkey1> <pubkey2> <pubkey3> 3 OP_CHECKMULTISIG`
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_multisig(&self) -> bool {
        let required_sigs;

        let mut instructions = self.instructions();
        if let Some(Ok(Instruction::Op(op))) = instructions.next() {
            if let Some(pushnum) = op.decode_pushnum() {
                required_sigs = pushnum;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            return false;
        }

        let mut num_pubkeys: u8 = 0;
        while let Some(Ok(instruction)) = instructions.next() {
            match instruction {
                Instruction::PushBytes(_) => {
                    num_pubkeys += 1;
                }
                Instruction::Op(op) => {
                    if let Some(pushnum) = op.decode_pushnum() {
                        if pushnum != num_pubkeys {
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if required_sigs > num_pubkeys {
            return false;
        }

        if let Some(Ok(Instruction::Op(op))) = instructions.next() {
            if op != OP_CHECKMULTISIG {
                return false;
            }
        } else {
            return false;
        }

        instructions.next().is_none()
    }

    /// Checks whether a script pubkey is a Segregated Witness (segwit) program.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_witness_program(&self) -> bool { self.witness_version().is_some() }

    /// Checks whether a script pubkey is a P2WSH output.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_p2wsh(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.len() == 34
            && self.witness_version() == Some(WitnessVersion::V0)
            && self.0[1] == OP_PUSHBYTES_32.to_u8()
    }

    /// Checks whether a script pubkey is a P2WPKH output.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_p2wpkh(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.len() == 22
            && self.witness_version() == Some(WitnessVersion::V0)
            && self.0[1] == OP_PUSHBYTES_20.to_u8()
    }

    /// Checks whether a script pubkey is a P2TR output.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_p2tr(&self) -> bool {
        self.0.len() == 34
            && self.witness_version() == Some(WitnessVersion::V1)
            && self.0[1] == OP_PUSHBYTES_32.to_u8()
    }

    /// Check if this is an OP_RETURN output.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_op_return(&self) -> bool {
        match self.0.first() {
            Some(b) => *b == OP_RETURN.to_u8(),
            None => false,
        }
    }

    /// Checks whether a script is trivially known to have no satisfying input.
    ///
    /// This method has potentially confusing semantics and an unclear purpose, so it's going to be
    /// removed. Use `is_op_return` if you want `OP_RETURN` semantics.
    #[deprecated(
        since = "0.32.0",
        note = "The method has potentially confusing semantics and is going to be removed, you might want `is_op_return`"
    )]
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_provably_unspendable(&self) -> bool {
        use crate::blockdata::opcodes::Class::{IllegalOp, ReturnOp};

        match self.0.first() {
            Some(b) => {
                let first = Opcode::from(*b);
                let class = first.classify(opcodes::ClassifyContext::Legacy);

                class == ReturnOp || class == IllegalOp
            }
            None => false,
        }
    }

    /// Computes the P2SH output corresponding to this redeem script.
    pub fn to_p2sh(&self) -> ScriptBuf { ScriptBuf::new_p2sh(&self.script_hash()) }

    /// Returns the script code used for spending a P2WPKH output if this script is a script pubkey
    /// for a P2WPKH output. The `scriptCode` is described in [BIP143].
    ///
    /// [BIP143]: <https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/99701f68a88ce33b2d0838eb84e115cef505b4c2/bip-0143.mediawiki>
    pub fn p2wpkh_script_code(&self) -> Option<ScriptBuf> {
        if self.is_p2wpkh() {
            // The `self` script is 0x00, 0x14, <pubkey_hash>
            let bytes = &self.0[2..];
            let wpkh = WPubkeyHash::from_slice(bytes).expect("length checked in is_p2wpkh()");
            Some(ScriptBuf::p2wpkh_script_code(wpkh))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Get redeemScript following BIP16 rules regarding P2SH spending.
    ///
    /// This does not guarantee that this represents a P2SH input [`Script`].
    /// It merely gets the last push of the script. Use
    /// [`Script::is_p2sh`](crate::blockdata::script::Script::is_p2sh) on the
    /// scriptPubKey to check whether it is actually a P2SH script.
    pub fn redeem_script(&self) -> Option<&Script> {
        // Script must consist entirely of pushes.
        if self.instructions().any(|i| i.is_err() || i.unwrap().push_bytes().is_none()) {
            return None;
        }

        if let Some(Ok(Instruction::PushBytes(b))) = self.instructions().last() {
            Some(Script::from_bytes(b.as_bytes()))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Returns the minimum value an output with this script should have in order to be
    /// broadcastable on today’s Bitcoin network.
    #[deprecated(since = "0.32.0", note = "use minimal_non_dust and friends")]
    pub fn dust_value(&self) -> crate::Amount { self.minimal_non_dust() }

    /// Returns the minimum value an output with this script should have in order to be
    /// broadcastable on today's Bitcoin network.
    ///
    /// Dust depends on the -dustrelayfee value of the Bitcoin Core node you are broadcasting to.
    /// This function uses the default value of 0.00003 BTC/kB (3 sat/vByte).
    ///
    /// To use a custom value, use [`minimal_non_dust_custom`].
    ///
    /// [`minimal_non_dust_custom`]: Script::minimal_non_dust_custom
    pub fn minimal_non_dust(&self) -> crate::Amount {
        self.minimal_non_dust_inner(DUST_RELAY_TX_FEE.into())
    }

    /// Returns the minimum value an output with this script should have in order to be
    /// broadcastable on today's Bitcoin network.
    ///
    /// Dust depends on the -dustrelayfee value of the Bitcoin Core node you are broadcasting to.
    /// This function lets you set the fee rate used in dust calculation.
    ///
    /// The current default value in Bitcoin Core (as of v26) is 3 sat/vByte.
    ///
    /// To use the default Bitcoin Core value, use [`minimal_non_dust`].
    ///
    /// [`minimal_non_dust`]: Script::minimal_non_dust
    pub fn minimal_non_dust_custom(&self, dust_relay_fee: FeeRate) -> crate::Amount {
        self.minimal_non_dust_inner(dust_relay_fee.to_sat_per_kwu() * 4)
    }

    fn minimal_non_dust_inner(&self, dust_relay_fee: u64) -> crate::Amount {
        // This must never be lower than Bitcoin Core's GetDustThreshold() (as of v0.21) as it may
        // otherwise allow users to create transactions which likely can never be broadcast/confirmed.
        let sats = dust_relay_fee
            .checked_mul(if self.is_op_return() {
                0
            } else if self.is_witness_program() {
                32 + 4 + 1 + (107 / 4) + 4 + // The spend cost copied from Core
                    8 + // The serialized size of the TxOut's amount field
                    self.consensus_encode(&mut sink()).expect("sinks don't error") as u64 // The serialized size of this script_pubkey
            } else {
                32 + 4 + 1 + 107 + 4 + // The spend cost copied from Core
                    8 + // The serialized size of the TxOut's amount field
                    self.consensus_encode(&mut sink()).expect("sinks don't error") as u64 // The serialized size of this script_pubkey
            })
            .expect("dust_relay_fee or script length should not be absurdly large")
            / 1000; // divide by 1000 like in Core to get value as it cancels out DEFAULT_MIN_RELAY_TX_FEE
                    // Note: We ensure the division happens at the end, since Core performs the division at the end.
                    //       This will make sure none of the implicit floor operations mess with the value.

        crate::Amount::from_sat(sats)
    }

    /// Counts the sigops for this Script using accurate counting.
    ///
    /// In Bitcoin Core, there are two ways to count sigops, "accurate" and "legacy".
    /// This method uses "accurate" counting. This means that OP_CHECKMULTISIG and its
    /// verify variant count for N sigops where N is the number of pubkeys used in the
    /// multisig. However, it will count for 20 sigops if CHECKMULTISIG is not preceded by an
    /// OP_PUSHNUM from 1 - 16 (this would be an invalid script)
    ///
    /// Bitcoin Core uses accurate counting for sigops contained within redeemScripts (P2SH)
    /// and witnessScripts (P2WSH) only. It uses legacy for sigops in scriptSigs and scriptPubkeys.
    ///
    /// (Note: taproot scripts don't count toward the sigop count of the block,
    /// nor do they have CHECKMULTISIG operations. This function does not count OP_CHECKSIGADD,
    /// so do not use this to try and estimate if a taproot script goes over the sigop budget.)
    pub fn count_sigops(&self) -> usize { self.count_sigops_internal(true) }

    /// Counts the sigops for this Script using legacy counting.
    ///
    /// In Bitcoin Core, there are two ways to count sigops, "accurate" and "legacy".
    /// This method uses "legacy" counting. This means that OP_CHECKMULTISIG and its
    /// verify variant count for 20 sigops.
    ///
    /// Bitcoin Core uses legacy counting for sigops contained within scriptSigs and
    /// scriptPubkeys. It uses accurate for redeemScripts (P2SH) and witnessScripts (P2WSH).
    ///
    /// (Note: taproot scripts don't count toward the sigop count of the block,
    /// nor do they have CHECKMULTISIG operations. This function does not count OP_CHECKSIGADD,
    /// so do not use this to try and estimate if a taproot script goes over the sigop budget.)
    pub fn count_sigops_legacy(&self) -> usize { self.count_sigops_internal(false) }

    fn count_sigops_internal(&self, accurate: bool) -> usize {
        let mut n = 0;
        let mut pushnum_cache = None;
        for inst in self.instructions() {
            match inst {
                Ok(Instruction::Op(opcode)) => {
                    match opcode {
                        // p2pk, p2pkh
                        OP_CHECKSIG | OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY => {
                            n += 1;
                        }
                        OP_CHECKMULTISIG | OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY => {
                            match (accurate, pushnum_cache) {
                                (true, Some(pushnum)) => {
                                    // Add the number of pubkeys in the multisig as sigop count
                                    n += usize::from(pushnum);
                                }
                                _ => {
                                    // MAX_PUBKEYS_PER_MULTISIG from Bitcoin Core
                                    // https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v25.0/src/script/script.h#L29-L30
                                    n += 20;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        _ => {
                            pushnum_cache = opcode.decode_pushnum();
                        }
                    }
                }
                Ok(Instruction::PushBytes(_)) => {
                    pushnum_cache = None;
                }
                // In Bitcoin Core it does `if (!GetOp(pc, opcode)) break;`
                Err(_) => break,
            }
        }

        n
    }

    /// Iterates over the script instructions.
    ///
    /// Each returned item is a nested enum covering opcodes, datapushes and errors.
    /// At most one error will be returned and then the iterator will end. To instead iterate over
    /// the script as sequence of bytes call the [`bytes`](Self::bytes) method.
    ///
    /// To force minimal pushes, use [`instructions_minimal`](Self::instructions_minimal).
    #[inline]
    pub fn instructions(&self) -> Instructions {
        Instructions { data: self.0.iter(), enforce_minimal: false }
    }

    /// Iterates over the script instructions while enforcing minimal pushes.
    ///
    /// This is similar to [`instructions`](Self::instructions) but an error is returned if a push
    /// is not minimal.
    #[inline]
    pub fn instructions_minimal(&self) -> Instructions {
        Instructions { data: self.0.iter(), enforce_minimal: true }
    }

    /// Iterates over the script instructions and their indices.
    ///
    /// Unless the script contains an error, the returned item consists of an index pointing to the
    /// position in the script where the instruction begins and the decoded instruction - either an
    /// opcode or data push.
    ///
    /// To force minimal pushes, use [`Self::instruction_indices_minimal`].
    #[inline]
    pub fn instruction_indices(&self) -> InstructionIndices {
        InstructionIndices::from_instructions(self.instructions())
    }

    /// Iterates over the script instructions and their indices while enforcing minimal pushes.
    ///
    /// This is similar to [`instruction_indices`](Self::instruction_indices) but an error is
    /// returned if a push is not minimal.
    #[inline]
    pub fn instruction_indices_minimal(&self) -> InstructionIndices {
        InstructionIndices::from_instructions(self.instructions_minimal())
    }

    /// Writes the human-readable assembly representation of the script to the formatter.
    pub fn fmt_asm(&self, f: &mut dyn fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
        bytes_to_asm_fmt(self.as_ref(), f)
    }

    /// Returns the human-readable assembly representation of the script.
    pub fn to_asm_string(&self) -> String {
        let mut buf = String::new();
        self.fmt_asm(&mut buf).unwrap();
        buf
    }

    /// Formats the script as lower-case hex.
    ///
    /// This is a more convenient and performant way to write `format!("{:x}", script)`.
    /// For better performance you should generally prefer displaying the script but if `String` is
    /// required (this is common in tests) this method can be used.
    pub fn to_hex_string(&self) -> String { self.as_bytes().to_lower_hex_string() }

    /// Returns the first opcode of the script (if there is any).
    pub fn first_opcode(&self) -> Option<Opcode> {
        self.as_bytes().first().copied().map(From::from)
    }

    /// Iterates the script to find the last opcode.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` is the instruction is data push or if the script is empty.
    pub(in crate::blockdata::script) fn last_opcode(&self) -> Option<Opcode> {
        match self.instructions().last() {
            Some(Ok(Instruction::Op(op))) => Some(op),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Iterates the script to find the last pushdata.
    ///
    /// Returns `None` if the instruction is an opcode or if the script is empty.
    pub(crate) fn last_pushdata(&self) -> Option<&PushBytes> {
        match self.instructions().last() {
            // Handles op codes up to (but excluding) OP_PUSHNUM_NEG.
            Some(Ok(Instruction::PushBytes(bytes))) => Some(bytes),
            // OP_16 (0x60) and lower are considered "pushes" by Bitcoin Core (excl. OP_RESERVED).
            // However we are only interested in the pushdata so we can ignore them.
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Converts a [`Box<Script>`](Box) into a [`ScriptBuf`] without copying or allocating.
    #[must_use = "`self` will be dropped if the result is not used"]
    pub fn into_script_buf(self: Box<Self>) -> ScriptBuf {
        let rw = Box::into_raw(self) as *mut [u8];
        // SAFETY: copied from `std`
        // The pointer was just created from a box without deallocating
        // Casting a transparent struct wrapping a slice to the slice pointer is sound (same
        // layout).
        let inner = unsafe { Box::from_raw(rw) };
        ScriptBuf(Vec::from(inner))
    }
}

/// Iterator over bytes of a script
pub struct Bytes<'a>(core::iter::Copied<core::slice::Iter<'a, u8>>);

impl Iterator for Bytes<'_> {
    type Item = u8;

    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> { self.0.next() }

    #[inline]
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) { self.0.size_hint() }

    #[inline]
    fn nth(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<Self::Item> { self.0.nth(n) }
}

impl DoubleEndedIterator for Bytes<'_> {
    #[inline]
    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> { self.0.next_back() }

    #[inline]
    fn nth_back(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<Self::Item> { self.0.nth_back(n) }
}

impl ExactSizeIterator for Bytes<'_> {}
impl core::iter::FusedIterator for Bytes<'_> {}

macro_rules! delegate_index {
    ($($type:ty),* $(,)?) => {
        $(
            /// Script subslicing operation - read [slicing safety](#slicing-safety)!
            impl Index<$type> for Script {
                type Output = Self;

                #[inline]
                fn index(&self, index: $type) -> &Self::Output {
                    Self::from_bytes(&self.0[index])
                }
            }
        )*
    }
}

delegate_index!(
    Range<usize>,
    RangeFrom<usize>,
    RangeTo<usize>,
    RangeFull,
    RangeInclusive<usize>,
    RangeToInclusive<usize>,
    (Bound<usize>, Bound<usize>)
);

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::blockdata::script::witness_program::WitnessProgram;

    #[test]
    fn shortest_witness_program() {
        let bytes = [0x00; 2]; // Arbitrary bytes, witprog must be between 2 and 40.
        let version = WitnessVersion::V15; // Arbitrary version number, intentionally not 0 or 1.

        let p = WitnessProgram::new(version, &bytes).expect("failed to create witness program");
        let script = ScriptBuf::new_witness_program(&p);

        assert_eq!(script.witness_version(), Some(version));
    }

    #[test]
    fn longest_witness_program() {
        let bytes = [0x00; 40]; // Arbitrary bytes, witprog must be between 2 and 40.
        let version = WitnessVersion::V16; // Arbitrary version number, intentionally not 0 or 1.

        let p = WitnessProgram::new(version, &bytes).expect("failed to create witness program");
        let script = ScriptBuf::new_witness_program(&p);

        assert_eq!(script.witness_version(), Some(version));
    }
}